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“Average TPS” represents the typical number of real transactions per second on a chain, excluding testnet activity and throughput stress tests. This metric helps assess the actual transactional usage of the network.

“Maximum TPS” refers to the highest number of transactions per second ever recorded on a given chain, using either testnet or mainnet data. This metric helps gauge the network's actual peak performance capacity.

“Maximum Theoretical TPS” represents the highest number of transactions per second a chain can theoretically process under optimal conditions, helping assess the network’s scalability potential.

It is calculated by dividing block size by the smallest transaction size and then dividing by block time to estimate peak TPS.